Keyboard Shortcuts Windows 10
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Firefox 3.0 menu with shortcuts, highlighted with green and mnemonics highlighted with yellow.

About keyboard shortcuts. In GitHub brings up a dialog box that lists the keyboard shortcuts available for that page. You can use these keyboard shortcuts to perform actions across the site without using your mouse to navigate. Below is a list of some of the available keyboard shortcuts. Next, choose the time for keyboard backlight’s auto shutdown. You can select options between five seconds and 15 minutes, as well as 'Never off' if you don't want the backlight. Windows 10 Keyboard Shortcuts list for CMD, Dialog boxes, File Explorer, Continuum, Surface Hub, Ease of Access, Settings, Store Apps, Virtual, etc. Available in this. How to type an Alt Symbol on keyboard? For example, let's type a degree symbol by using its Alt Code value on the keyboard. Make sure you switch on the NumLock, press and hold down the Alt key, type the Alt Code value of the degree symbol 0176 on the numeric pad, release the Alt key and you got a °.

Composite of two Macintosh Finder menus with keyboard shortcuts specified in the right column

Incomputing, a keyboard shortcut is a series of one or several keys that invoke a software program to perform a preprogrammed action. This action may be part of the standard functionality of the operating system or application program, or it may have been written by the user in a scripting language.

The meaning of term 'keyboard shortcut' can vary depending on software manufacturer. For instance, Microsoft differentiates keyboard shortcuts from hotkeys ('mnemonics' on Windows) whereby the former consists of a specific key combination used to trigger an action, and the latter represents a designated letter in a menu command or toolbar button that when pressed together with the Alt key, activates such command—whereas a 'hotkey' on Windows is a system wide shortcut that is always available in all contexts as long as the program responsible for it is running and not suspended.^[ambiguous]

Description[edit]

Keyboard shortcuts are typically a means for invoking one or more commands using the keyboard that would otherwise be accessible only through a menu, a pointing device, different levels of a user interface, or via a command-line interface. Keyboard shortcuts are generally used to expedite common operations by reducing input sequences to a few keystrokes, hence the term 'shortcut'.^[1]

To differentiate from general keyboard input, most keyboard shortcuts require the user to press and hold several keys simultaneously or a sequence of keys one after the other. Unmodified key presses are sometimes accepted when the keyboard is not used for general input - such as with graphics packages e.g. Adobe Photoshop or IBM Lotus Freelance Graphics. Other keyboard shortcuts use function keys that are dedicated for use in shortcuts and may only require a single keypress. For simultaneous keyboard shortcuts, one usually first holds down the modifier key(s), then quickly presses and releases the regular (non-modifier) key, and finally releases the modifier key(s). This distinction is important, as trying to press all the keys simultaneously will frequently either miss some of the modifier keys, or cause unwanted auto-repeat. Sequential shortcuts usually involve pressing and releasing a dedicated prefix key, such as the Esc key, followed by one or more keystrokes.

Mnemonics are distinguishable from keyboard shortcuts. One difference between them is that the keyboard shortcuts are not localized on multi-language software but the mnemonics are generally localized to reflect the symbols and letters used in the specific locale. In most GUIs, a program's keyboard shortcuts are discoverable by browsing the program's menus – the shortcut is indicated next to the menu choice. There are keyboards that have the shortcuts for a particular application already marked on them. These keyboards are often used for editing video, audio, or graphics,^[2] as well as in software training courses. There are also stickers with shortcuts printed on them that can be applied to a regular keyboard. Reference cards intended to be propped up in the user's workspace also exist for many applications. In the past, when keyboard design was more standardized, it was common for computer books and magazines to print cards that were cut out, intended to be placed over the user's keyboard with the printed shortcuts noted next to the appropriate keys.

Customization[edit]

Visual chart of the default key assignments for the video game Vega Strike. These bindings can be reconfigured by editing the relevant XML file in a text editor.

When shortcuts are referred to as key bindings it carries the connotation that the shortcuts are customizable to a user's preference and that program functions may be 'bound' to a different set of keystrokes instead of or in addition to the default.^[3] This highlights a difference in philosophy regarding shortcuts. Some systems, typically end-user-oriented systems such as Mac OS or Windows, consider standardized shortcuts essential to the environment's ease of use. These systems usually limit a user's ability to change shortcuts, possibly even requiring a separate or third-party utility to perform the task. Other systems, typically Unix and related, consider shortcuts to be a user's prerogative, and that they should be changeable to suit individual preference. In most real-world environments, both philosophies co-exist; a core set of sacred shortcuts remain fixed while others, typically involving an otherwise unused modifier key or keys, are under the user's control.

The motivations for customizing key bindings vary. Users new to a program or software environment may customize the new environment's shortcuts to be similar to another environment with which they are more familiar.^[4] More advanced users may customize key bindings to better suit their workflow, adding shortcuts for their commonly used actions and possibly deleting or replacing bindings for less-used functions.^[5]Hardcore gamers often customize their key bindings in order to increase performance via faster reaction times.

'Sacred' keybindings[edit]

The original Macintosh User Interface Guidelines defined a set of keyboard shortcuts that would remain consistent across application programs. This provides a better user experience than the then-prevalent situation of applications using the same keys for different functions. This could result in user errors if one program used ⌘ Command+D to mean Delete while another used it to Duplicate an item. The standard bindings were:

⌘ Q : Quit
⌘ W : Close Window
⌘ B : Bold text
⌘ I : Italicize text
⌘ U : Underline text
⌘ O : Open
⌘ P : Print
⌘ A : SelectAll
⌘ S : Save
⌘ F : Find
⌘ G : Find Again (the G key is next to the F key on a QWERTY keyboard)
⌘ Z : Undo (resembles the action of striking out a mistake)
⌘ X : Cut (resembles scissors – and the X key is next to the C key on a QWERTY keyboard)
⌘ C : Copy
⌘ V : Paste (resembles an arrow pointing downward 'into' the document, or a brush used for applying paste, as well as the proofreader's mark for 'insert' – and the V key is next to the C key on a QWERTY keyboard)
⌘ N : New Document
⌘ . (full stop): User interrupt
⌘ ? : Help (? signifies a question or confusion)^[6]

Later environments such as Microsoft Windows retain some of these bindings, while adding their own from alternate standards like Common User Access. The shortcuts on these platforms (or on macOS)